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@ -145,6 +145,7 @@ Its popularity in the molecular electronic structure community is rapidly growin
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The idea behind the $GW$ approximation is to recast the many-body problem into a set of non-linear one-body equations. The introduction of the self-energy $\Sigma$ links the non-interacting Green's function $G_0$ to its fully-interacting version $G$ via the following Dyson equation:
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\begin{equation}
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\label{eq:Dyson}
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G = G_0 + G_0 \Sigma G
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\end{equation}
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Electron correlation is then explicitly incorporated into one-body quantities via a sequence of self-consistent steps known as Hedin's equations. \cite{Hedin_1965}
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@ -217,6 +218,12 @@ Note that we have the following important conservation rules \cite{Martin_1959,B
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\end{align}
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which physically shows that the mean-field solution of unit weight is ``scattered'' by the effect of correlation in many solutions of smaller weights.
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\alert{In standard $GW$ calculations in solids, \cite{Martin_2016} one assignes a quasparticle peak to the solution of the Dyson equation \eqref{eq:Dyson} that is associated with the largest value of the spectral function
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\begin{equation}
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S(\omega) = \frac{1}{\pi} \abs{\Im G(\omega)}
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\end{equation}
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}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\section{Upfolding: the linear $GW$ problem}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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@ -411,6 +418,7 @@ The most common and well-established way of regularizing $\Sigma$ is via the sim
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f_\eta(\Delta) = (\Delta \pm \ii \eta)^{-1}
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\end{equation}
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(with $\eta > 0$), \cite{vanSetten_2013,Bruneval_2016a,Martin_2016,Duchemin_2020} a strategy somehow related to the imaginary shift used in multiconfigurational perturbation theory. \cite{Forsberg_1997}
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\alert{This type of broadening is customary in solid-state calculations, hence such regularization is naturally captured in many codes. \cite{Martin_2016}}
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In practice, an empirical value of $\eta$ around \SI{100}{\milli\eV} is suggested.
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Other choices are legitimate like the regularizers considered by Head-Gordon and coworkers within orbital-optimized second-order M{\o}ller-Plesset theory, which have the specificity of being energy-dependent. \cite{Lee_2018a,Shee_2021}
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In this context, the real version of the simple energy-independent regularizer \eqref{eq:simple_reg} has been shown to damage thermochemistry performance and was abandoned. \cite{Stuck_2013,Rostam_2017}
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@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ This is the only general method that works in solids as, rigorously, there is no
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Making this connection, especially around or before Eq.~8, would clarify the method to a readership that is not only interested in molecular systems.}
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\\
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\alert{
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We have modified the manuscript around Eq.~(8) to clarify this point.
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We have modified the manuscript below Eq.~(8) to clarify this point.
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}
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\item
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@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ In addition, the term "regularized GW method" gives the impression that the GW a
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Instead, this procedure is nothing but a small broadening parameter that smooths out sudden jumps between neighboring peaks in the spectral function. }
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\\
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\alert{
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We understand the point of the reviewer but "intruder state" and "regularization" are well-defined terms in the electronic structure community which re not linked with the appearance of spurious solution.
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We understand the point of the reviewer but "intruder state" and "regularization" are well-defined terms in the electronic structure community which are not linked with the appearance of spurious solutions.
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The intruder state problem is well documented in multireference perturbation theory and comes usually from a poor choice of the active space.
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By definition, an intruder state has a similar energy than the zeroth-order wave function and should be then moved in the model space; this is exactly what is happening in the case of $GW$.
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}
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@ -232,7 +232,11 @@ By definition, an intruder state has a similar energy than the zeroth-order wave
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The authors should be aware that traditional GW calculations performed in solids often use a small broadening, and hence such a "regularization" is naturally captured by many codes - whether or not on purpose.}
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\\
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\alert{
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As detailed below (see the answers to Reviewer \#1), we have thoroughly modified and expanded this section to test the effect of the regularization function and its parameter.
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We have specified this point in Section V of the revised manuscript.
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Moreover, as detailed below (see the answers to Reviewer \#1), we have thoroughly modified and expanded this section to test the effect of the regularization function and its parameter.
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In particular, we have changed the notations regarding the various regularizers that we have studied.
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We now use $\eta$ for the traditional regularizer and $\kappa$ for Evangelista's regularizer.
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We have also included additional graphs for different values of $\eta$ and $\kappa$ which shows how the quasiparticle energies are altered by the choice of the regularizing function and the values of $\eta$ and $\kappa$.
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}
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\item
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