further corrections
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@ -224,21 +224,15 @@ From the PECs, we have also extracted the vibrational frequencies and equilibriu
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The hCI method was implemented in {\QP} via a straightforward adaptation of the
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The hCI method was implemented in {\QP} via a straightforward adaptation of the
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\textit{configuration interaction using a perturbative selection made iteratively} (CIPSI) algorithm, \cite{Huron_1973,Giner_2013,Giner_2015,Garniron_2018}
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\textit{configuration interaction using a perturbative selection made iteratively} (CIPSI) algorithm, \cite{Huron_1973,Giner_2013,Giner_2015,Garniron_2018}
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by allowing only for determinants having a given maximum hierarchy $h$ to be selected.
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by allowing only for determinants having a given maximum hierarchy $h$ to be selected.
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\fk{It is worth mentioning that the determinant-driven framework of {\QP} allows the inclusion of any arbitrary set of determinants.}
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The excitation-based CI, seniority-based CI, and FCI calculations presented here were also performed with the CIPSI algorithm implemented in {\QP}. \cite{Garniron_2019}
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The excitation-based CI, seniority-based CI, and FCI calculations presented here were also performed with the CIPSI algorithm implemented in {\QP}. \cite{Garniron_2019}
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In practice, we consider, for a given CI level, the CI energy to be converged when the second-order perturbation correction (which approximately measures the error between the selective and complete calculations) lies below \SI{0.01}{\milli\hartree}. \cite{Garniron_2018}
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In practice, we consider, for a given CI level, the ground state energy to be converged when the second-order perturbation correction \fk{from the truncated Hilbert space} (which approximately measures the error between the selective and complete calculations) lies below \SI{0.01}{\milli\hartree}. \cite{Garniron_2018}
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These selected versions of CI require considerably fewer determinants than the formal number of determinants (understood as all those that belong to a given CI level, regardless of their weight or symmetry) of their complete counterparts.
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These selected versions of CI require considerably fewer determinants than the formal number of determinants (understood as all those that belong to a given CI level, regardless of their weight or symmetry) of their complete counterparts.
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Nevertheless, we decided to present the results as functions of the formal number of determinants,
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Nevertheless, we decided to present the results as functions of the formal number of determinants,
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which are not related to the particular algorithmic choices of the CIPSI calculations.
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which are not related to the particular algorithmic choices of the CIPSI calculations.
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All CI calculations were performed for the cc-pVDZ basis set and with frozen core orbitals.
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\fk{The ground-state CI energy is obtained with the Davidson's iterative algorithm \cite{Davidson_1975} [Titou, please add the ref.],
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For the \ce{HF} molecule we have also tested basis set effects, by considered the cc-pVTZ and cc-pVQZ basis sets.
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which in the present implementation of {\QP} means that the computation and storage cost us $\order*{\Ndet^{3/2}}$ and $\order*{\Ndet}$, respectively.
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This shows that the determinant-driven algorithm is not optimal in general.
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\fk{I'll work on this.}
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\titou{T2: I think it might be worth mentioning that the determinant-driven framework of {\QP} allows to include any arbitrary set of determinants.
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This would also justify why we are focusing on the number of determinants instead of the actual scaling of the method.
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I think this is a important point because the CISD Hilbert space has a size proportional to $N^4$ but the cost associated with solving the CISD equations scales as $N^6$... Actually, it follows the same rules as CC: CISD scales as $N^6$, CISDT as $N^8$, CISDTQ as $N^{10}$, etc.
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We have to mention this somewhere.
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Also, it is worth mentioning that one uses Davidson's iterative algorithm to seek for the ground-state energy which means that the computation and storage cost us $\order*{\Ndet^2}$ and $\order*{\Ndet}$, respectively.
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This shows that the determinant-driven algorithm is definitely not optimal.
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However, the selected nature of the CIPSI algorithm means that the actual number of determinants is quite small and therefore calculations are technically feasable.}
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However, the selected nature of the CIPSI algorithm means that the actual number of determinants is quite small and therefore calculations are technically feasable.}
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The CI calculations were performed with both canonical HF orbitals and optimized orbitals.
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The CI calculations were performed with both canonical HF orbitals and optimized orbitals.
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@ -250,6 +244,8 @@ then this gradient component is replaced by $g_0 \abs{g_i}/g_i$.
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\fk{Here we took $g_0 = $ \SI{1}{\micro\hartree}, and considered the orbitals to be converged when the maximum orbital rotation gradient lies below \SI{0.1}{\milli\hartree}.}
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\fk{Here we took $g_0 = $ \SI{1}{\micro\hartree}, and considered the orbitals to be converged when the maximum orbital rotation gradient lies below \SI{0.1}{\milli\hartree}.}
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While we cannot ensure that the obtained solutions are global minima in the orbital parameter space, we verified that in all stationary solutions surveyed here
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While we cannot ensure that the obtained solutions are global minima in the orbital parameter space, we verified that in all stationary solutions surveyed here
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correspond to real minima (rather than maxima or saddle points).
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correspond to real minima (rather than maxima or saddle points).
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All CI calculations were performed for the cc-pVDZ basis set and with frozen core orbitals.
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For the \ce{HF} molecule we have also tested basis set effects, by considered the cc-pVTZ and cc-pVQZ basis sets.
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It is worth mentioning that obtaining smooth PECs for the orbital optimized calculations proved to be far from trivial.
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It is worth mentioning that obtaining smooth PECs for the orbital optimized calculations proved to be far from trivial.
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First, the orbital optimization started from the HF orbitals of each geometry.
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First, the orbital optimization started from the HF orbitals of each geometry.
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@ -361,7 +357,7 @@ Up to this point, all results and discussions have been based on CI calculations
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\fk{We recall that seniority-based CI (in contrast to excitation-based CI) is not invariant with respect to orbital rotations within the occupied and virtual subspaces, \cite{Bytautas_2011}
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\fk{We recall that seniority-based CI (in contrast to excitation-based CI) is not invariant with respect to orbital rotations within the occupied and virtual subspaces, \cite{Bytautas_2011}
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and for this reason it is customary to optimize the corresponding wave function by performing such rotations.
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and for this reason it is customary to optimize the corresponding wave function by performing such rotations.
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Similarly, hCI wave functions are not invariant under orbital rotations within each subspace.
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Similarly, hCI wave functions are not invariant under orbital rotations within each subspace.
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Thus, we decided to further assess the role of orbital optimization for each class of CI methods (also including occupied-virtual rotations).}
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Thus, we decided to further assess the role of orbital optimization (occupied-virtual rotations included) for each class of CI methods.}
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Due to the significantly higher computational cost and numerical difficulties associated with orbital optimization at higher CI levels,
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Due to the significantly higher computational cost and numerical difficulties associated with orbital optimization at higher CI levels,
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such calculations were typically limited up to oo-CISD (for excitation-based), oo-DOCI (for seniority-based), and oo-hCI2 (for hCI).
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such calculations were typically limited up to oo-CISD (for excitation-based), oo-DOCI (for seniority-based), and oo-hCI2 (for hCI).
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The PECs and analogous results to those of Figs.~\ref{fig:plot_stat}, \ref{fig:xe}, and \ref{fig:freq} are shown in the \SupInf.
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The PECs and analogous results to those of Figs.~\ref{fig:plot_stat}, \ref{fig:xe}, and \ref{fig:freq} are shown in the \SupInf.
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@ -419,26 +415,23 @@ Nevertheless, double (ethylene) and even triple (\ce{N2}) bond breaking still ap
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In this Letter, we have proposed a new scheme for truncating the Hilbert space in configuration interaction calculations, named hierarchy CI (hCI).
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In this Letter, we have proposed a new scheme for truncating the Hilbert space in configuration interaction calculations, named hierarchy CI (hCI).
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By merging the excitation degree and the seniority number into a single hierarchy parameter $h$,
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By merging the excitation degree and the seniority number into a single hierarchy parameter $h$,
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the hCI method ensures that all classes of determinants sharing the same scaling of $\Ndet$ with the number of basis functions are included in each level of the hierarchy.
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the hCI method ensures that all classes of determinants sharing the same scaling of $\Ndet$ with the number of basis functions are included in each level of the hierarchy.
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We evaluated the performance of hCI against the traditional excitation-based CI and seniority-based CI,
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We evaluated the performance of hCI against excitation-based CI and seniority-based CI,
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by comparing PECs and derived quantities (non-parallelity errors, distance errors, vibrational frequencies, and equilibrium geometries)
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by comparing PECs and derived quantities
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for six systems, ranging from single to multiple bond breaking.
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for six systems, ranging from single to multiple bond breaking.
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\fk{I'll still rearrange this somewhat.}
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Our key finding is that the overall performance of hCI either surpasses or equals that of excitation-based CI,
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Our key finding is that the overall performance of hCI either surpasses or equals that of excitation-based CI,
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in the sense of convergence with respect to $\Ndet$.
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in the sense of convergence with respect to $\Ndet$.
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The superiority of hCI methods is more noticeable for the non-parallelity and distance errors, but also observed to a lesser extent for the vibrational frequencies and equilibrium geometries.
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The superiority of hCI methods is more noticeable for the non-parallelity and distance errors, but also observed to a lesser extent for the vibrational frequencies and equilibrium geometries.
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The comparison to seniority-based CI is less trivial.
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The comparison to seniority-based CI is less trivial.
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DOCI (the first level of seniority-based CI) often provides even lower NPEs for a similar $\Ndet$, but it falls short in describing the other properties investigated here.
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DOCI (the first level of seniority-based CI) often provides even lower NPEs for a similar $\Ndet$, but it falls short in describing the other properties investigated here.
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If higher accuracy is desired, than the convergence is faster with hCI (and also excitation-based CI) than seniority-based CI, at least for HF orbitals.
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In addition, if higher accuracy is desired, convergence was found to be faster with hCI (and also excitation-based CI) than seniority-based CI, at least for HF orbitals.
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Finally, the exponential scaling of seniority-based CI in practice precludes this approach for larger systems and basis sets,
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Finally, the exponential scaling of seniority-based CI in practice precludes this approach for larger systems and basis sets,
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while the favorable polynomial scaling and encouraging performance of hCI is an alternative.
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while the favorable polynomial scaling and encouraging performance of hCI is an alternative.
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We found surprisingly good results for the first level of hCI (hCI1) and the orbital optimized version of CIS (oo-CIS), two methods with very favorable computational scaling.
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We found surprisingly good results for the first level of hCI (hCI1) and the orbital optimized version of CIS (oo-CIS), two methods with very favorable computational scaling.
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In particular, oo-CIS correctly describes single bond breaking.
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In particular, oo-CIS correctly describes single bond breaking.
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We hope to report on generalizations to excited states in the future.
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We hope to report on generalizations to excited states in the future.
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In contrast, an important conclusion is that orbital optimization at higher CI levels is not necessarily a recommended strategy,
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%For the challenging cases of \ce{H4} and \ce{H8}, hCI and excitation-based CI perform similarly.
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An important conclusion is that orbital optimization at the CI level is not necessarily a recommended strategy,
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given the overall modest improvement in convergence when compared to results with canonical HF orbitals.
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given the overall modest improvement in convergence when compared to results with canonical HF orbitals.
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One should bear in mind that optimizing the orbitals is always accompanied with well-known challenges (several solutions, convergence issues, etc)
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One should bear in mind that optimizing the orbitals is always accompanied with well-known challenges (several solutions, convergence issues, etc)
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and may imply a significant computational burden (associated with the calculations of the orbital gradient and Hessian, and the many iterations that are often required),
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and may imply a significant computational burden (associated with the calculations of the orbital gradient and Hessian, and the many iterations that are often required),
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22
cp_to_manuscript.sh
Executable file
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cp_to_manuscript.sh
Executable file
@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
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#!/bin/bash
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path='/home/fabris/ongoing_projects/seniority/Manuscript'
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#molecules=( HF F2 ethylene N2 H4 H8 )
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#molecules=( ethylene )
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molecules=( H8 )
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for mol in "${molecules[@]}"
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do
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#echo "${mol}_cc-pvdz/plot_pes.pdf"
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cp ${mol}_cc-pvdz/plot_pes.pdf $path/${mol}_pes.pdf
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cp ${mol}_cc-pvdz/plot_error.pdf $path/${mol}_pes_error.pdf
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cp ${mol}_cc-pvdz/plot_stat.pdf $path/${mol}_npe.pdf
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cp ${mol}_cc-pvdz/plot_distance.pdf $path/${mol}_distance.pdf
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cp ${mol}_cc-pvdz/freq.pdf $path/${mol}_freq.pdf
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cp ${mol}_cc-pvdz/force.pdf $path/${mol}_force.pdf
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cp ${mol}_cc-pvdz/xe.pdf $path/${mol}_xe.pdf
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done
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