review Hugh changes

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Pierre-Francois Loos 2020-11-27 22:13:53 +01:00
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\begin{thebibliography}{131}%
\begin{thebibliography}{132}%
\makeatletter
\providecommand \@ifxundefined [1]{%
\@ifx{#1\undefined}
@ -1188,6 +1188,15 @@
{journal} {\bibinfo {journal} {J. Phys. A: Math. Theor.}\ }\textbf {\bibinfo
{volume} {40}},\ \bibinfo {pages} {581} (\bibinfo {year} {2007})}\BibitemShut
{NoStop}%
\bibitem [{\citenamefont {Kais}\ \emph {et~al.}(2006)\citenamefont {Kais},
\citenamefont {Wenger},\ and\ \citenamefont {Wei}}]{Kais_2006}%
\BibitemOpen
\bibfield {author} {\bibinfo {author} {\bibfnamefont {S.}~\bibnamefont
{Kais}}, \bibinfo {author} {\bibfnamefont {C.}~\bibnamefont {Wenger}}, \ and\
\bibinfo {author} {\bibfnamefont {Q.}~\bibnamefont {Wei}},\ }\href {\doibase
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2006.03.035} {\bibfield {journal} {\bibinfo
{journal} {Chem. Phys. Lett.}\ }\textbf {\bibinfo {volume} {423}},\ \bibinfo
{pages} {45 } (\bibinfo {year} {2006})}\BibitemShut {NoStop}%
\bibitem [{\citenamefont {Goodson}(2019)}]{Goodson_2019}%
\BibitemOpen
\bibfield {author} {\bibinfo {author} {\bibfnamefont {D.~Z.}\ \bibnamefont

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@ -1142,12 +1142,11 @@ regardless of whether this point is inside or outside the complex unit circle. \
%=======================================
% STILLINGER INTRODUCES THE CRITICAL POINT
\hugh{%
In the early 2000's, Stillinger reconsidered the mathematical origin behind the divergent series with odd-even
sign alternation.\cite{Stillinger_2000}
This type of convergence behaviour corresponds to Cremer and He's class B systems with closely spaced
electron pairs and includes \ce{Ne}, \ce{HF}, \ce{F-}, and \ce{H2O}.\cite{Cremer_1996}
Stillinger proposed that the divergence of these series occurs arise from a dominant singularity
Stillinger proposed that the divergence of these series arise from a dominant singularity
on the negative real $\lambda$ axis, corresponding to a multielectron autoionisation threshold.\cite{Stillinger_2000}
To understand Stillinger's argument, consider the paramterised MP Hamiltonian in the form
\begin{multline}
@ -1171,12 +1170,10 @@ This autoionisation effect is closely related to the critial point for electron
atoms (see Ref.~\onlinecite{Baker_1971}).
Furthermore, a similar set of critical points exists along the positive real axis, corresponding to single-electron ionisation
processes.\cite{Sergeev_2005}
}
% CLASSIFICATIONS BY GOODSOON AND SERGEEV
\hugh{%
To further develop the link between the critical point and types of MP convergence, Sergeev and Goodson investigated
the relationship with the location of the dominant singularity that controls the radius of convergence.\cite{Goodson_2004}.
the relationship with the location of the dominant singularity that controls the radius of convergence.\cite{Goodson_2004}
They demonstrated that the dominant singularity in class A corresponds to a dominant EP with a positive real component,
with the magnitude of the imaginary component controlling the oscillations in the signs of the MP
term.\cite{Goodson_2000a,Goodson_2000b}
@ -1187,10 +1184,8 @@ HF potential $v^{\text{HF}}$ is relatively localised and the autoionization is f
$\lambda$ values closer to the origin.
With these insights, they regrouped the systems into new classes: i) $\alpha$ singularities which have ``large'' imaginary parts,
and ii) $\beta$ singularities which have very small imaginary parts.\cite{Goodson_2004,Sergeev_2006}
}
% RELATIONSHIP TO BASIS SET SIZE
\hugh{%
The existence of the MP critical point can also explain why the divergence observed by Olsen \etal\ in the \ce{Ne} atom
and \ce{HF} molecule occured when diffuse basis functions were included.\cite{Olsen_1996}
Clearly diffuse basis functions are required for the electrons to dissociate from the nuclei, and indeed using
@ -1200,10 +1195,9 @@ by a cluster of sharp avoided crossings between the ground state and high-lying
Alternatively, Sergeev \etal\ demonstrated that the inclusion of a ``ghost'' atom also
allows the formation of the critical point as the electrons form a bound cluster occuping the ghost atom orbitals.\cite{Sergeev_2005}
This effect explains the origin of the divergence in the \ce{HF} molecule as the \ce{F} valence electrons jump to \ce{H}
for a sufficiently negative $\lambda$.\cite{Sergeev_2005}
for a sufficiently negative $\lambda$ value.\cite{Sergeev_2005}
Furthermore, the two-state model of Olsen \etal{}\cite{Olsen_2000} was simply too minimal to understand the complexity of
divergences caused by the MP critical point.
}
% BASIS SET DEPENDENCE (INCLUDE?)
%Finally, it was shown that $\beta$ singularities are very sensitive to changes in the basis set but not to the bond stretching.
@ -1223,21 +1217,19 @@ divergences caused by the MP critical point.
%This explains that Olsen \textit{et al.}, because they used a simple two-state model, only observed the first singularity of this cluster of singularities causing the divergence. \cite{Olsen_2000}
% RELATIONSHIP TO QUANTUM PHASE TRANSITION
\hugh{%
When a Hamiltonian is parametrised by a variable such as $\lambda$, the existence of abrupt changes in the
eigenstates as a function of $\lambda$ indicate the presence of a zero-temperature quantum phase transition (QPT).%
\cite{Heiss_1988,Heiss_2002,Borisov_2015,Sindelka_2017,CarrBook,Vojta_2003,SachdevBook,GilmoreBook}
As an avoided crossing becomes increasingly sharp, the corresponding EPs move increasingly close to the real axis.
As an avoided crossing becomes increasingly sharp, the corresponding EPs move increasingly close to the real axis, eventually forming a critical point.
The existence of an EP \emph{on} the real axis is therefore diagnostic of a QPT.\cite{Cejnar_2005, Cejnar_2007a}
Since the MP critical point corresponds to a singularity on the real $\lambda$ axis, it can immediately be
recognised a QPT within the perturbation theory approximation.
However, a conventional QPT can only occur in the thermodynamic limit, which here is analogous to the complete
basis set limit.\cite{Kais_2006}
basis set limit in our case.\cite{Kais_2006}
The MP critical point $\beta$ singularity in a finite basis must therefore be modelled by pairs of EPs
that tend towards the real axis, exactly as described by Sergeev \etal.\cite{Sergeev_2005}
that tend towards the real axis, exactly as described by Sergeev \etal\cite{Sergeev_2005}
In contrast, $\alpha$ singularities correspond to large avoided crossings that are indicative of low-lying excited
states which share the symmetry of the ground state,\cite{Goodson_2004} and are thus not manifestations of a QPT.
}
%=======================================
\subsection{Critical Point in the Hubbard Dimer}