Modifications to HF section
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@ -6,13 +6,13 @@
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\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section*.7}{Perturbation theory}{section*.2}% 6
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\BOOKMARK [2][-]{section*.8}{Rayleigh-Schr\366dinger perturbation theory}{section*.7}% 7
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\BOOKMARK [2][-]{section*.9}{The Hartree-Fock Hamiltonian}{section*.7}% 8
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\BOOKMARK [2][-]{section*.10}{Complex adiabatic connection}{section*.7}% 9
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\BOOKMARK [2][-]{section*.12}{M\370ller-Plesset perturbation theory}{section*.7}% 10
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\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section*.15}{Historical overview}{section*.2}% 11
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\BOOKMARK [2][-]{section*.16}{Behavior of the M\370ller-Plesset series}{section*.15}% 12
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\BOOKMARK [2][-]{section*.17}{Insights from a two-state model}{section*.15}% 13
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\BOOKMARK [2][-]{section*.18}{The singularity structure}{section*.15}% 14
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\BOOKMARK [2][-]{section*.19}{The physics of quantum phase transitions}{section*.15}% 15
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\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section*.20}{Conclusion}{section*.2}% 16
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\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section*.21}{Acknowledgments}{section*.2}% 17
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\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section*.22}{References}{section*.2}% 18
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\BOOKMARK [2][-]{section*.11}{Complex adiabatic connection}{section*.7}% 9
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\BOOKMARK [2][-]{section*.13}{M\370ller-Plesset perturbation theory}{section*.7}% 10
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\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section*.16}{Historical overview}{section*.2}% 11
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\BOOKMARK [2][-]{section*.17}{Behavior of the M\370ller-Plesset series}{section*.16}% 12
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\BOOKMARK [2][-]{section*.18}{Insights from a two-state model}{section*.16}% 13
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\BOOKMARK [2][-]{section*.19}{The singularity structure}{section*.16}% 14
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\BOOKMARK [2][-]{section*.20}{The physics of quantum phase transitions}{section*.16}% 15
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\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section*.21}{Conclusion}{section*.2}% 16
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\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section*.22}{Acknowledgments}{section*.2}% 17
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\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section*.23}{References}{section*.2}% 18
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@ -463,6 +463,13 @@ the total spin $\hat{\mathcal{S}}^2$ operator, leading to so-called ``spin-conta
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%Because $Y_0(\theta) = 1/\sqrt{4\pi}$, it is clear that the RHF wave function yields a uniform one-electron density.
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%
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\begin{figure}
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\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{HF_real.pdf}
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\caption{\label{fig:HF_real}
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\hugh{RHF and UHF energies as a function of the correlation strength $U/t$.
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The symmetry-broken UHF solution emerges at the coalescence point $U=2t$ (black dot).}}
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\end{figure}
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Returning to the Hubbard dimer, the UHF energy can be parametrised in terms of two rotation angles $\ta$ and $\tb$ as
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\begin{equation}
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E_\text{HF}(\ta, \tb) = -t \qty( \sin \ta + \sin \tb ) + \frac{U}{2} \qty( 1 + \cos \ta \cos \tb ),
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@ -485,7 +492,7 @@ giving the symmetry-pure molecular orbitals
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&
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\mathcal{A}_\text{RHF}^{\sigma} & = \frac{\Lsi - \Rsi}{\sqrt{2}},
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\end{align}
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and the ground-state RHF energy
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and the ground-state RHF energy (Fig.~\ref{fig:HF_real})
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\begin{equation}
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E_\text{RHF} \equiv E_\text{HF}(\ta^\text{RHF}, \tb^\text{RHF}) = -2t + \frac{U}{2}
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\end{equation}
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@ -503,7 +510,7 @@ For $U \ge 2t$, the optimal orbital rotation angles for the UHF orbitals become
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\tb^\text{UHF} & = \arctan (+\frac{\sqrt{U^2 - 4t^2}}{U},\frac{2t}{U}),
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\label{eq:tb_uhf}
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\end{align}
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with the corresponding UHF ground-state energy
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with the corresponding UHF ground-state energy (Fig.~\ref{fig:HF_real})
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\begin{equation}
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E_\text{UHF} \equiv E_\text{HF}(\ta^\text{UHF}, \tb^\text{UHF}) = - \frac{2t^2}{U}.
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\end{equation}
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@ -516,6 +523,21 @@ of the HF energy rather than a minimum.
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\subsection{Complex adiabatic connection}
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%============================================================%
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%%% FIG 1 %%%
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\begin{figure*}[t]
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\begin{subfigure}{0.49\textwidth}
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\includegraphics[height=0.65\textwidth,trim={0pt 0pt 0pt -30pt},clip]{HF_cplx_angle}
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\subcaption{\label{subfig:UHF_cplx_angle}}
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\end{subfigure}
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\begin{subfigure}{0.49\textwidth}
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\includegraphics[height=0.65\textwidth]{HF_cplx_energy}
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\subcaption{\label{subfig:UHF_cplx_energy}}
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\end{subfigure}
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\caption{%
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Analytic continuation of HF into the complex $\lambda$ plane.
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\label{fig:HF_cplx}}
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\end{figure*}
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\titou{In a recent paper, \cite{Burton_2019} using holomorphic Hartree-Fock (h-HF) \cite{Hiscock_2014,Burton_2018,Burton_2016} as an analytic continuation of conventional HF theory, we have demonstrated, on a simple model, that one can interconvert states of different symmetries and natures by following well-defined contours in the complex $\lambda$-plane, where $\lambda$ is the strength of the electron-electron interaction (see Fig.~\ref{fig:iAC}).
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In particular, by slowly varying $\lambda$ in a similar (yet different) manner to an adiabatic connection in density-functional theory, \cite{Langreth_1975,Gunnarsson_1976,Zhang_2004} one can ``morph'' a ground-state wave function into an excited-state wave function via a stationary path of HF solutions. \cite{Seidl_2018}
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In such a way, we could obtain a doubly-excited state wave function starting from the ground state wave function, a process which is not as easy as one might think. \cite{Gilbert_2008,Thom_2008,Shea_2018}
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@ -524,13 +546,6 @@ The findings reported in Ref.~\onlinecite{Burton_2019} represent the very first
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It perfectly illustrates the deeper topology of electronic states revealed using a complex-scaled electron-electron interaction.
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Through the introduction of non-Hermiticity, we have provided a more general framework in which the complex and diverse characteristics of multiple solutions can be explored and understood.}
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\begin{figure}
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\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{iAC}
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\caption{
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\label{fig:iAC}
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An example of complex adiabatic connection. \cite{Burton_2019}}
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\end{figure}
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%=====================================================%
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\subsection{M{\o}ller-Plesset perturbation theory}
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%=====================================================%
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