From 77fa6c4dcc53b8478d9e82218a38d1bbe6848704 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Pierre-Francois Loos Date: Tue, 24 Nov 2020 09:25:43 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 1/3] minor corrections in QPT --- Manuscript/EPAWTFT.bbl | 12 ++++++------ Manuscript/EPAWTFT.tex | 7 ++++--- 2 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-) diff --git a/Manuscript/EPAWTFT.bbl b/Manuscript/EPAWTFT.bbl index 18ecaee..0398b28 100644 --- a/Manuscript/EPAWTFT.bbl +++ b/Manuscript/EPAWTFT.bbl @@ -530,12 +530,6 @@ {Wigner}},\ }\href {\doibase 10.1103/PhysRev.46.1002} {\bibfield {journal} {\bibinfo {journal} {Phys. Rev.}\ }\textbf {\bibinfo {volume} {46}},\ \bibinfo {pages} {1002} (\bibinfo {year} {1934})}\BibitemShut {NoStop}% -\bibitem [{\citenamefont {Goodson}(2011)}]{Goodson_2011}% - \BibitemOpen - \bibfield {author} {\bibinfo {author} {\bibfnamefont {D.~Z.}\ \bibnamefont - {Goodson}},\ }\href {\doibase 10.1002/wcms.92} {\bibfield {journal} - {\bibinfo {journal} {{WIREs} Comput. Mol. Sci.}\ }\textbf {\bibinfo {volume} - {2}},\ \bibinfo {pages} {743} (\bibinfo {year} {2011})}\BibitemShut {NoStop}% \bibitem [{\citenamefont {Cejnar}\ \emph {et~al.}(2007)\citenamefont {Cejnar}, \citenamefont {Heinze},\ and\ \citenamefont {Macek}}]{Cejnar_2007}% \BibitemOpen @@ -545,6 +539,12 @@ {\doibase 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.100601} {\bibfield {journal} {\bibinfo {journal} {Phys. Rev. Lett.}\ }\textbf {\bibinfo {volume} {99}},\ \bibinfo {pages} {100601} (\bibinfo {year} {2007})}\BibitemShut {NoStop}% +\bibitem [{\citenamefont {Goodson}(2011)}]{Goodson_2011}% + \BibitemOpen + \bibfield {author} {\bibinfo {author} {\bibfnamefont {D.~Z.}\ \bibnamefont + {Goodson}},\ }\href {\doibase 10.1002/wcms.92} {\bibfield {journal} + {\bibinfo {journal} {{WIREs} Comput. Mol. Sci.}\ }\textbf {\bibinfo {volume} + {2}},\ \bibinfo {pages} {743} (\bibinfo {year} {2011})}\BibitemShut {NoStop}% \bibitem [{\citenamefont {Szabo}\ and\ \citenamefont {Ostlund}(1989)}]{SzaboBook}% \BibitemOpen diff --git a/Manuscript/EPAWTFT.tex b/Manuscript/EPAWTFT.tex index 21f3cad..228acf1 100644 --- a/Manuscript/EPAWTFT.tex +++ b/Manuscript/EPAWTFT.tex @@ -1015,7 +1015,7 @@ To the best of our knowledge, the effect of bond stretching on singularities, it %==================================================== In the previous section, we saw that a careful analysis of the structure of the Hamiltonian allows us to predict the existence of a critical point. -In a finite basis set this critical point is model by a cluster of $\beta$ singularities. +In a finite basis set, this critical point is model by a cluster of $\beta$ singularities. It is now well known that this phenomenon is a special case of a more general phenomenon. Indeed, theoretical physicists proved that EPs close to the real axis are connected to \textit{quantum phase transitions} (QPTs). \cite{Heiss_1988,Heiss_2002,Borisov_2015,Sindelka_2017,CarrBook,Vojta_2003,SachdevBook,GilmoreBook} In quantum mechanics, the Hamiltonian is almost always dependent of, at least, one parameter. @@ -1023,7 +1023,7 @@ In some cases the variation of a parameter can lead to abrupt changes at a criti These QPTs exist both for ground and excited states as shown by Cejnar and coworkers. \cite{Cejnar_2005,Cejnar_2007,Caprio_2008,Cejnar_2009,Sachdev_2011,Cejnar_2015,Cejnar_2016, Macek_2019,Cejnar_2020} A ground-state QPT is characterised by the derivatives of the ground-state energy with respect to a non-thermal control parameter. \cite{Cejnar_2009, Sachdev_2011} The transition is called discontinuous and of first order if the first derivative is discontinuous at the critical parameter value. -Otherwise, it is called continuous and of $m$th order if the $m$th derivative is discontinuous. +Otherwise, it is called continuous and of $m$th order (with $m \ge 2$) if the $m$th derivative is discontinuous. A QPT can also be identify by the discontinuity of an appropriate order parameter (or one of its derivatives). The presence of an EP close to the real axis is characteristic of a sharp avoided crossing. @@ -1033,7 +1033,7 @@ One of the major obstacles that one faces in order to achieve this resides in th The numerical assignment of an EP to two energies on the real axis is very difficult in large dimensions. Hence, the design of specific methods are required to get information on the location of EPs. Following this idea, Cejnar \textit{et al.}~developed a method based on a Coulomb analogy giving access to the density of EP close to the real axis. \cite{Cejnar_2005, Cejnar_2007} -More recently Stransky and coworkers proved that the distribution of EPs is characteristic on the order of the QPT. \cite{Stransky_2018} +More recently Stransky and coworkers proved that the distribution of EPs is characteristic of the QPT order. \cite{Stransky_2018} In the thermodynamic limit, some of the EPs converge towards a critical point $\lambda_\text{c}$ on the real axis. They showed that, within the interacting boson model, \cite{Lipkin_1965} EPs associated to first- and second-order QPT behave differently when the number of particles increases. The position of these singularities converge towards the critical point on the real axis at different rates (exponentially and algebraically for the first and second orders, respectively) with respect to the number of particles. @@ -1046,6 +1046,7 @@ For example, without interaction the ground state is the spherical phase (a cond In particular, we see that the transition from the spherical phase to the axially symmetric one is analog to the symmetry breaking of the wave function of the hydrogen molecule when the bond is stretched. \cite{SzaboBook} It seems like our understanding of the physics of spatial and/or spin symmetry breaking in HF theory can be enlightened by QPT theory. Indeed, the second derivative of the HF ground-state energy is discontinuous at the point of spin symmetry-breaking which means that the system undergo a second-order QPT. + Moreover, the $\beta$ singularities introduced by Sergeev and coworkers to describe the EPs modelling the formation of a bound cluster of electrons are actually a more general class of singularities. The EPs close to the real axis (the so-called $\beta$ singularities) are connected to QPT because they result from a sharp avoided crossings at which the eigenstates change quickly. However, the $\alpha$ singularities arise from large avoided crossings. From a96a52c464998acf4dd94297dccdc1abd0343ca1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Pierre-Francois Loos Date: Tue, 24 Nov 2020 09:40:33 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 2/3] add Antoine example and degreenified Hugh comments --- Manuscript/EPAWTFT.tex | 58 ++++++++++++++++++++---------------------- 1 file changed, 28 insertions(+), 30 deletions(-) diff --git a/Manuscript/EPAWTFT.tex b/Manuscript/EPAWTFT.tex index 228acf1..3532575 100644 --- a/Manuscript/EPAWTFT.tex +++ b/Manuscript/EPAWTFT.tex @@ -195,36 +195,36 @@ We refer the interested reader to the excellent book of Moiseyev for a general o \label{sec:TDSE} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Within the Born-Oppenheimer approximation, the exact molecular Hamiltonian with $\Ne$ electrons and -$\Nn$ (clamped) nuclei is defined \hugh{for a given nuclear framework} as +$\Nn$ (clamped) nuclei is defined for a given nuclear framework as \begin{equation}\label{eq:ExactHamiltonian} - \hugh{\hH(\vb{R})} = + \hH(\vb{R}) = - \frac{1}{2} \sum_{i}^{\Ne} \grad_i^2 - \sum_{i}^{\Ne} \sum_{A}^{\Nn} \frac{Z_A}{\abs{\vb{r}_i-\vb{R}_A}} + \sum_{i Date: Tue, 24 Nov 2020 09:47:29 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 3/3] add Hugh references --- Manuscript/EPAWTFT.bbl | 24 +++++++++++++++++++++++- Manuscript/EPAWTFT.bib | 42 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++- Manuscript/EPAWTFT.tex | 4 ++-- 3 files changed, 66 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-) diff --git a/Manuscript/EPAWTFT.bbl b/Manuscript/EPAWTFT.bbl index 0398b28..56d9b73 100644 --- a/Manuscript/EPAWTFT.bbl +++ b/Manuscript/EPAWTFT.bbl @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ %Control: page (0) single %Control: year (1) truncated %Control: production of eprint (0) enabled -\begin{thebibliography}{113}% +\begin{thebibliography}{116}% \makeatletter \providecommand \@ifxundefined [1]{% \@ifx{#1\undefined} @@ -587,6 +587,12 @@ {Kryachko}}}\ (\bibinfo {publisher} {Kluwer Academic},\ \bibinfo {address} {Dordrecht},\ \bibinfo {year} {2003})\ p.~\bibinfo {pages} {67}\BibitemShut {NoStop}% +\bibitem [{\citenamefont {Slater}(1951)}]{Slater_1951}% + \BibitemOpen + \bibfield {author} {\bibinfo {author} {\bibfnamefont {J.~C.}\ \bibnamefont + {Slater}},\ }\href {\doibase 10.1103/PhysRev.82.538} {\bibfield {journal} + {\bibinfo {journal} {Phys. Rev.}\ }\textbf {\bibinfo {volume} {82}},\ + \bibinfo {pages} {538} (\bibinfo {year} {1951})}\BibitemShut {NoStop}% \bibitem [{\citenamefont {Coulson}\ and\ \citenamefont {Fischer}(1949)}]{Coulson_1949}% \BibitemOpen @@ -610,6 +616,22 @@ \bibfield {author} {\bibinfo {author} {\bibfnamefont {H.}~\bibnamefont {Fukutome}},\ }\href {\doibase 10.1002/qua.560200502} {\ \textbf {\bibinfo {volume} {20}},\ \bibinfo {pages} {955}}\BibitemShut {NoStop}% +\bibitem [{\citenamefont {Roothaan}(1951)}]{Roothaan_1951}% + \BibitemOpen + \bibfield {author} {\bibinfo {author} {\bibfnamefont {C.~C.~J.}\ + \bibnamefont {Roothaan}},\ }\href {\doibase 10.1103/RevModPhys.23.69} + {\bibfield {journal} {\bibinfo {journal} {Rev. Mod. Phys.}\ }\textbf + {\bibinfo {volume} {23}},\ \bibinfo {pages} {69} (\bibinfo {year} + {1951})}\BibitemShut {NoStop}% +\bibitem [{\citenamefont {Hall}\ and\ \citenamefont + {Lennard-Jones}(1951)}]{Hall_1951}% + \BibitemOpen + \bibfield {author} {\bibinfo {author} {\bibfnamefont {G.~G.}\ \bibnamefont + {Hall}}\ and\ \bibinfo {author} {\bibfnamefont {J.~E.}\ \bibnamefont + {Lennard-Jones}},\ }\href {\doibase 10.1098/rspa.1951.0048} {\bibfield + {journal} {\bibinfo {journal} {Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A}\ }\textbf {\bibinfo + {volume} {205}},\ \bibinfo {pages} {541} (\bibinfo {year} + {1951})}\BibitemShut {NoStop}% \bibitem [{\citenamefont {Hiscock}\ and\ \citenamefont {Thom}(2014)}]{Hiscock_2014}% \BibitemOpen diff --git a/Manuscript/EPAWTFT.bib b/Manuscript/EPAWTFT.bib index 9b5ae24..6b6ae9b 100644 --- a/Manuscript/EPAWTFT.bib +++ b/Manuscript/EPAWTFT.bib @@ -1,13 +1,53 @@ %% This BibTeX bibliography file was created using BibDesk. %% http://bibdesk.sourceforge.net/ -%% Created for Pierre-Francois Loos at 2020-11-23 11:07:33 +0100 +%% Created for Pierre-Francois Loos at 2020-11-24 09:46:03 +0100 %% Saved with string encoding Unicode (UTF-8) +@article{Hall_1951, + abstract = { An analysis of the `linear combination of atomic orbitals' approximation using the accurate molecular orbital equations shows that it does not lead to equations of the form usually assumed in the semi-empirical molecular orbital method. A new semi-empirical method is proposed, therefore, in terms of equivalent orbitals. The equations obtained, which do have the usual form, are applicable to a large class of molecules and do not involve the approximations that were thought necessary. In this method the ionization potentials are calculated by treating certain integrals as semi-empirical parameters. The value of these parameters is discussed in terms of the localization of equivalent orbitals and some approximate rules are suggested. As an illustration the ionization potentials of the paraffin series are considered and good agreement between the observed and calculated values is found. }, + author = {Hall, G. G. and Lennard-Jones, John Edward}, + date-added = {2020-11-24 09:45:15 +0100}, + date-modified = {2020-11-24 09:45:50 +0100}, + doi = {10.1098/rspa.1951.0048}, + journal = {Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A}, + pages = {541-552}, + title = {The molecular orbital theory of chemical valency VIII. A method of calculating ionization potentials}, + volume = {205}, + year = {1951}, + Bdsk-Url-1 = {https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/abs/10.1098/rspa.1951.0048}, + Bdsk-Url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1951.0048}} + +@article{Roothaan_1951, + author = {Roothaan, C. C. J.}, + date-added = {2020-11-24 09:43:57 +0100}, + date-modified = {2020-11-24 09:44:09 +0100}, + doi = {10.1103/RevModPhys.23.69}, + journal = {Rev. Mod. Phys.}, + pages = {69--89}, + title = {New Developments in Molecular Orbital Theory}, + volume = {23}, + year = {1951}, + Bdsk-Url-1 = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/RevModPhys.23.69}, + Bdsk-Url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.23.69}} + +@article{Slater_1951, + author = {Slater, J. C.}, + date-added = {2020-11-24 09:42:40 +0100}, + date-modified = {2020-11-24 09:42:58 +0100}, + doi = {10.1103/PhysRev.82.538}, + journal = {Phys. Rev.}, + pages = {538--541}, + title = {Magnetic Effects and the Hartree-Fock Equation}, + volume = {82}, + year = {1951}, + Bdsk-Url-1 = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRev.82.538}, + Bdsk-Url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.82.538}} + @article{Loos_2019d, author = {P. F. Loos and B. Pradines and A. Scemama and J. Toulouse and E. Giner}, date-added = {2020-11-23 11:07:32 +0100}, diff --git a/Manuscript/EPAWTFT.tex b/Manuscript/EPAWTFT.tex index 3532575..9f4477d 100644 --- a/Manuscript/EPAWTFT.tex +++ b/Manuscript/EPAWTFT.tex @@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ \newcommand{\UOX}{Physical and Theoretical Chemical Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, U.K.} \begin{document} -\title{Perturbation theory in the complex plane: Exceptional points and where to find them} +\title{Perturbation Theory in the Complex Plane: Exceptional Points and Where to Find Them} \author{Antoine \surname{Marie}} \affiliation{\LCPQ} @@ -574,7 +574,7 @@ between the two closed-shell configurations with both electrons localised on one % INTRODUCE PARAMETRISED FOCK HAMILTONIAN The inherent non-linearity in the Fock eigenvalue problem arises from self-consistency -in the HF approximation, and is usually solved through an iterative approach.\cite{Roothaan1951,Hall1951} +in the HF approximation, and is usually solved through an iterative approach.\cite{Roothaan_1951,Hall_1951} Alternatively, the non-linear terms arising from the Coulomb and exchange operators can be considered as a perturbation from the core Hamiltonian \eqref{eq:Hcore} by introducing the transformation $U \rightarrow \lambda\, U$, giving the parametrised Fock operator