revised up to sec 4.3

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Pierre-Francois Loos 2020-06-08 23:03:06 +02:00
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@ -542,7 +542,7 @@ The success of the BSE formalism to treat CT excitations has been demonstrated i
\subsection{Combining BSE with PCM and QM/MM models}
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The ability to account for the effect on the excitation energies of an electrostatic and dielectric environment (an electrode, a solvent, a molecular interface... is an important step towards the description of realistic systems.
The ability to account for the effect on the excitation energies of an electrostatic and dielectric environment (an electrode, a solvent, a molecular interface, \ldots) is an important step towards the description of realistic systems.
Pioneering BSE studies demonstrated, for example, the large renormalization of charged and neutral excitations in molecular systems and nanotubes close to a metallic electrode or in bundles. \cite{Lastra_2011,Rohlfing_2012,Spataru_2013}
Recent attempts to merge the $GW$ and BSE formalisms with model polarizable environments at the PCM or QM/MM levels
\cite{Baumeier_2014,Duchemin_2016,Li_2016,Varsano_2016,Duchemin_2018,Li_2019,Tirimbo_2020} paved the way not only to interesting applications but also to a better understanding of the merits of these approaches relying on the use of the screened Coulomb potential designed to capture polarization effects at all spatial ranges.
@ -551,7 +551,7 @@ $[
v(\br,\br') \longrightarrow v(\br,\br') + v^{\text{reac}}(\br,\br'; \omega)
]$
in the relation between the screened Coulomb potential $W$ and the independent-electron susceptibility [see Eq.~\eqref{eq:defW}] allows to perform $GW$ and BSE calculations in a polarizable environment with the same complexity as in the gas phase.
The reaction field matrix $v^{\text{reac}}(\br,\br'; \omega)$ describes the potential generated in $\br'$ by the charge rearrangements in the polarizable environment induced by a source charge located in $\br$, where $\br$ and $\br'$ lie in the quantum mechanical subsystem of interest.
The reaction field operator $v^{\text{reac}}(\br,\br'; \omega)$ describes the potential generated in $\br'$ by the charge rearrangements in the polarizable environment induced by a source charge located in $\br$, where $\br$ and $\br'$ lie in the quantum mechanical subsystem of interest.
The reaction field is dynamical since the dielectric properties of the environment, such as the macroscopic dielectric constant $\epsilon_M(\omega)$, are in principle frequency dependent.
Once the reaction field matrix is known, with typically $\order*{\Norb N_\text{MM}^2}$ operations (where $\Norb$ is the number of orbitals and $N_\text{MM}$ the number of polarizable atoms in the environment), the full spectrum of $GW$ quasiparticle energies and BSE neutral excitations can be renormalized by the effect of the environment.