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dft_tools/doc/reference/arrays/implementation_notes/concepts.rst
tayral edd1ff4529 Restructuring documentation.
A first general restructuration of the doc according to the pattern [tour|tutorial|reference].
In the reference part, objects are documented per topic.
In each topic, [definition|c++|python|hdf5] (not yet implemented)
2014-10-18 12:21:08 +01:00

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ReStructuredText

.. _impl_concepts:
Concepts
=============================================================
BoostSerializable
-------------------------------------------------
* define serialize for boost serialize library
Printable
-------------------------------------------------
====================================================== ===========================================================
Elements Comment
====================================================== ===========================================================
std::ostream & operator << (std::ostream & out, ...) Printing
====================================================== ===========================================================
Domain
-------------------------------------------------
* **Purpose** : The domain of definition of the array, i.e. the possible value of the indices.
* **Refines**: BoostSerializable, Printable
* **Definition**:
+------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
| Elements | Comment |
+==================================================================+=======================================================+
| static const unsigned int rank | rank |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
| index_value_type | type of the multi-index |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
| default constructor, copy construction | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
| operator = | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
| operator ==, != | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
| size_t number_of_elements() const | number of elements |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
| generator | type of the IndexGenerator that generates the indices |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
| begin() const/ end() const | a generator at start/end |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
* **Examples** :
Typically, this is is a multi-index for an array, matrix, ...., e.g.
* Cuboid<rank>: standard hyperrectangular arrays. This is little more than the tuple of the lengths.
* triangle, .... ?
.. _HasImmutableArrayInterface:
HasImmutableArrayInterface
-------------------------------------------------
* **Purpose**: The most abstract definition of something that behaves like an immutable array.
* it has a domain (hence a rank).
* it can be evaluated on any value of the indices in the domain
* By combining the generator of the domain with the evaluation, it is therefore easy to
iterate on the values of such an object.
* NB: It does not need to be stored in memory. A formal expression, e.g. model this concept.
* **Definition** ([A|B] denotes that the return type maybe A or B).
================================================================================================== =============================================================
Elements Comment
================================================================================================== =============================================================
value_type Type of the element of the array
domain_type Type of the domain.
[domain_type const & | domain_type] domain() const Access to the domain.
[ value_type | value_type const &] operator[] (domain_type::index_value_type const &) const Evaluation.
================================================================================================== =============================================================
* **Examples**:
* array, array_view, matrix, matrix_view, vector, vector_view (all implemented as Indexmap_Storage_Pair)
* array expressions (in which case the returns are not const & since they are computed, not stored).
IndexGenerator
-------------------------------------------------
* **Purpose**: Generate the indices of a domain.
* **Definition**:
============================================================== ==================================================================================================
Elements Comment
============================================================== ==================================================================================================
domain_type Type of the domain whose indices are generated.
default contruction, copy construction
construction from (domain_type const &, bool atend=false)
IndexGenerator & operator=(const IndexGenerator & )
operator ++
operator =
operator ==, !=
domain_type::index_value_type const & operator * () const Access to the value of the multi-index
bool at_end() const True iif the generator has reached the last value
============================================================== ==================================================================================================
* **Examples** :
* cuboid_index_generator
IndexMap
-------------------------------------------------
* **Purpose**:
* Store the mapping of the index domain to a linear array.
* It is basically a function: indices --> 1d position, the bijection between the indices
of an element and its position in the memory block.
* **Refines**: BoostSerializable, Printable
* **Definition**:
======================================================================== ==================================================================================================
Elements Comment
======================================================================== ==================================================================================================
* domain_type The type of the domain.
* domain_type const & domain() const The domain.
* default constructor, copy construction Cpy is a true copy.
* can be constructed from domain_type const &
* size_t operator[] (domain_type::index_value_type const & key ) const The mapping itself.
* iterator A type modeling IndexMapIterator, which is the optimal memory traversal.
NB: the order of indices is chosen for optimal traversal of memory, it
does not need to be "natural".
cuboid_map also provides a natural_iterator for that purpose.
======================================================================== ==================================================================================================
* The type also has to define two free functions and to specialize a template:
========================================================== ==================================================================================================
Elements Comment
========================================================== ==================================================================================================
* bool compatible_for_assignment (M1, M2) Returns whether an array/matrix/vector with map M1 can be equated to a array/matrix/vector with
map M2
* bool raw_copy_possible (M1, M2) Is the assignment of an array/matrix/vector with map M2 into an array/matrix/vector with map M1
doable with raw copy
* struct indexmap_iterator_adapter< It, I > Metafunction:
- I is the IndexMap class
- It any similar IndexMapIterator which returns (in ::type) the IndexMapIterator on I
with the same order traversal as It.
Example: It is a IndexMapIterator on I1 stored in C order, I is in Fortran order,
the result will be an IndexMapIterator on I that presents the data of I in C order
This is used in copying array with different indexmaps.
========================================================== ==================================================================================================
* **Examples**:
* cuboid_map<IterationOrder> : a map of the cuboid indices in a fixed order in memory.
IndexMapIterator
-------------------------------------------------
* **Purpose**:
* A basic iterator on an IndexMap which can be dereferenced into the shift of successive elements compared to the start of the memory block.
* These iterators are kept as simple as possible, so that it is easy to implement new indices maps and their iterators.
* NB: In particular, they are *not* necessary STL-compliant. The array_iterator class will
take such an iterator and a Storage and produce a true, STL compliant iterator on the array (iterator_adapter).
* **Definition**:
========================================================== ==================================================================================================
Elements Comment
========================================================== ==================================================================================================
indexmap_type The index_map on which the iterator is iterating
domain_type Type of the domain whose indices are generated.
default contruction, copy construction
construction from (domain_type const &, bool atend=false)
IndexMapIterator & operator=(const IndexMapIterator & )
IndexMapIterator & operator ++
operator ==, !=
std::ptrdiff_t operator*() const Dereference as a shift from the beginning of the array
domain_type::index_value_type const & indices () const Access to the value of the multi-index at the iterator position
bool at_end() const True iif the generator has reached the last value (in practice quicker that it = XX.end()).
========================================================== ==================================================================================================
* **Example(s)** :
* cuboid_map_iterator
Storage
-------------------------------------------------
* **Purpose**:
* The storage of the array in memory, e.g. plain C++ array, a numpy, etc...
* A Storage keeps the reference to the memory block where the array is stored.
* NB: This memory block can be typically shared between various arrays and views,
so the Storage is just a reference. The memory is deallocated only
when all storages referencing it has been destroyed.
* **Refines**: BoostSerializable
* **Definition** :
====================================================== ==================================================================================================
Elements Comment
====================================================== ==================================================================================================
value_type Type of the element stored, e.g. int, const int, double, const double, ...
default construction Makes a storage of size 0
copy construction a shallow copy (another reference to the same data).
the copy construction is possible from another storage of the same value_type
up to the const qualifier.
The construction of a storage with value_type=T from a storage with value_type const T
is forbidden at compile time.
void operator = (const STO &) A shallow copy of the reference to the data.
clone() const Create a clone of the data.
const_clone() const Create a clone of the data with const value_type (e.g. int--> const int).
void raw_copy_from(const STO & X) Copy all the data from X to * this. Behaviour undefined if sizes do not match.
size_t size() const Number of elements in the storage
value_type & operator[](size_t p) const Access to the data. Behaviour is undefined if empty()==true.
====================================================== ==================================================================================================
StorageOrder concept
-------------------------------------------------
* **Purpose** :
* Store the order of indices in memory.
* Can be fixed at compile time, or dynamically (not implemented).
* **Refines**: BoostSerializable
* **Definition** :
====================================================== ==================================================================================================
Elements Comment
====================================================== ==================================================================================================
size_t index_number(size_t i)
static unsigned int rank
default construction
copy construction
bool is_Fortran() const Is it Fortran-style ordering ?
bool is_C() const Is it C-style ordering ?
====================================================== ==================================================================================================
* The type also has to define the == operator:
========================================================== ==================================================================================================
Elements Comment
========================================================== ==================================================================================================
Operator == Defined between any of the ordering.
========================================================== ==================================================================================================