35 KiB
gMock Cheat Sheet
Defining a Mock Class
Mocking a Normal Class
Given
class Foo {
...
virtual ~Foo();
virtual int GetSize() const = 0;
virtual string Describe(const char* name) = 0;
virtual string Describe(int type) = 0;
virtual bool Process(Bar elem, int count) = 0;
};
(note that ~Foo()
must be virtual) we
can define its mock as
#include "gmock/gmock.h"
class MockFoo : public Foo {
...
(int, GetSize, (), (const, override));
MOCK_METHOD(string, Describe, (const char* name), (override));
MOCK_METHOD(string, Describe, (int type), (override));
MOCK_METHOD(bool, Process, (Bar elem, int count), (override));
MOCK_METHOD};
To create a “nice” mock, which ignores all uninteresting calls, a “naggy” mock, which warns on all uninteresting calls, or a “strict” mock, which treats them as failures:
using ::testing::NiceMock;
using ::testing::NaggyMock;
using ::testing::StrictMock;
<MockFoo> nice_foo; // The type is a subclass of MockFoo.
NiceMock<MockFoo> naggy_foo; // The type is a subclass of MockFoo.
NaggyMock<MockFoo> strict_foo; // The type is a subclass of MockFoo. StrictMock
Note: A mock object is currently naggy by default. We may make it nice by default in the future.
Mocking a Class Template
Class templates can be mocked just like any class.
To mock
template <typename Elem>
class StackInterface {
...
virtual ~StackInterface();
virtual int GetSize() const = 0;
virtual void Push(const Elem& x) = 0;
};
(note that all member functions that are mocked, including
~StackInterface()
must be virtual).
template <typename Elem>
class MockStack : public StackInterface<Elem> {
...
(int, GetSize, (), (const, override));
MOCK_METHOD(void, Push, (const Elem& x), (override));
MOCK_METHOD};
Specifying Calling Conventions for Mock Functions
If your mock function doesn’t use the default calling convention, you
can specify it by adding Calltype(convention)
to
MOCK_METHOD
’s 4th parameter. For example,
(bool, Foo, (int n), (Calltype(STDMETHODCALLTYPE)));
MOCK_METHOD(int, Bar, (double x, double y),
MOCK_METHOD(const, Calltype(STDMETHODCALLTYPE)));
where STDMETHODCALLTYPE
is defined by
<objbase.h>
on Windows.
Using Mocks in Tests
The typical work flow is:
- Import the gMock names you need to use. All gMock symbols are in the
testing
namespace unless they are macros or otherwise noted. - Create the mock objects.
- Optionally, set the default actions of the mock objects.
- Set your expectations on the mock objects (How will they be called? What will they do?).
- Exercise code that uses the mock objects; if necessary, check the result using googletest assertions.
- When a mock object is destructed, gMock automatically verifies that all expectations on it have been satisfied.
Here’s an example:
using ::testing::Return; // #1
(BarTest, DoesThis) {
TEST; // #2
MockFoo foo
(foo, GetSize()) // #3
ON_CALL.WillByDefault(Return(1));
// ... other default actions ...
(foo, Describe(5)) // #4
EXPECT_CALL.Times(3)
.WillRepeatedly(Return("Category 5"));
// ... other expectations ...
("good", MyProductionFunction(&foo)); // #5
EXPECT_EQ} // #6
Setting Default Actions
gMock has a built-in default action for any function
that returns void
, bool
, a numeric value, or a
pointer. In C++11, it will additionally returns the default-constructed
value, if one exists for the given type.
To customize the default action for functions with return type
T
:
using ::testing::DefaultValue;
// Sets the default value to be returned. T must be CopyConstructible.
<T>::Set(value);
DefaultValue// Sets a factory. Will be invoked on demand. T must be MoveConstructible.
// T MakeT();
<T>::SetFactory(&MakeT);
DefaultValue// ... use the mocks ...
// Resets the default value.
<T>::Clear(); DefaultValue
Example usage:
// Sets the default action for return type std::unique_ptr<Buzz> to
// creating a new Buzz every time.
<std::unique_ptr<Buzz>>::SetFactory(
DefaultValue[] { return MakeUnique<Buzz>(AccessLevel::kInternal); });
// When this fires, the default action of MakeBuzz() will run, which
// will return a new Buzz object.
(mock_buzzer_, MakeBuzz("hello")).Times(AnyNumber());
EXPECT_CALL
auto buzz1 = mock_buzzer_.MakeBuzz("hello");
auto buzz2 = mock_buzzer_.MakeBuzz("hello");
(nullptr, buzz1);
EXPECT_NE(nullptr, buzz2);
EXPECT_NE(buzz1, buzz2);
EXPECT_NE
// Resets the default action for return type std::unique_ptr<Buzz>,
// to avoid interfere with other tests.
<std::unique_ptr<Buzz>>::Clear(); DefaultValue
To customize the default action for a particular method of a specific
mock object, use ON_CALL()
. ON_CALL()
has a
similar syntax to EXPECT_CALL()
, but it is used for setting
default behaviors (when you do not require that the mock method is
called). See here for a more
detailed discussion.
(mock-object, method(matchers))
ON_CALL.With(multi-argument-matcher) ?
.WillByDefault(action);
Setting Expectations
EXPECT_CALL()
sets expectations on a
mock method (How will it be called? What will it do?):
(mock-object, method (matchers)?)
EXPECT_CALL.With(multi-argument-matcher) ?
.Times(cardinality) ?
.InSequence(sequences) *
.After(expectations) *
.WillOnce(action) *
.WillRepeatedly(action) ?
.RetiresOnSaturation(); ?
If (matchers)
is omitted, the expectation is the same as
if the matchers were set to anything matchers (for example,
(_, _, _, _)
for a four-arg method).
If Times()
is omitted, the cardinality is assumed to
be:
Times(1)
when there is neitherWillOnce()
norWillRepeatedly()
;Times(n)
when there aren
WillOnce()
s but noWillRepeatedly()
, wheren
>= 1; orTimes(AtLeast(n))
when there aren
WillOnce()
s and aWillRepeatedly()
, wheren
>= 0.
A method with no EXPECT_CALL()
is free to be invoked
any number of times, and the default action will be taken each
time.
Matchers
A matcher matches a single argument. You
can use it inside ON_CALL()
or EXPECT_CALL()
,
or use it to validate a value directly:
Matcher | Description |
---|---|
EXPECT_THAT(actual_value, matcher) |
Asserts that actual_value
matches matcher . |
ASSERT_THAT(actual_value, matcher) |
The same as
EXPECT_THAT(actual_value, matcher) , except that it
generates a fatal failure. |
Built-in matchers (where argument
is the function
argument) are divided into several categories:
Wildcard
Matcher | Description |
---|---|
_ |
argument can be any value of
the correct type. |
A<type>() or
An<type>() |
argument can be any value of
type type . |
Generic Comparison
Matcher | Description |
---|---|
Eq(value) or
value |
argument == value |
Ge(value) |
argument >= value |
Gt(value) |
argument > value |
Le(value) |
argument <= value |
Lt(value) |
argument < value |
Ne(value) |
argument != value |
IsNull() |
argument is a
NULL pointer (raw or smart). |
NotNull() |
argument is a non-null
pointer (raw or smart). |
Optional(m) |
argument is
optional<> that contains a value matching
m . |
VariantWith<T>(m) |
argument is
variant<> that holds the alternative of type T with a
value matching m . |
Ref(variable) |
argument is a reference to
variable . |
TypedEq<type>(value) |
argument has type
type and is equal to value . You may need to
use this instead of Eq(value) when the mock function is
overloaded. |
Except Ref()
, these matchers make a copy of
value
in case it’s modified or destructed later. If the
compiler complains that value
doesn’t have a public copy
constructor, try wrap it in ByRef()
, e.g.
Eq(ByRef(non_copyable_value))
. If you do that, make sure
non_copyable_value
is not changed afterwards, or the
meaning of your matcher will be changed.
Floating-Point Matchers
Matcher | Description |
---|---|
DoubleEq(a_double) |
argument is a
double value approximately equal to a_double ,
treating two NaNs as unequal. |
FloatEq(a_float) |
argument is a
float value approximately equal to a_float ,
treating two NaNs as unequal. |
NanSensitiveDoubleEq(a_double) |
argument is a
double value approximately equal to a_double ,
treating two NaNs as equal. |
NanSensitiveFloatEq(a_float) |
argument is a
float value approximately equal to a_float ,
treating two NaNs as equal. |
The above matchers use ULP-based comparison (the same as used in
googletest). They automatically pick a reasonable error bound based on
the absolute value of the expected value. DoubleEq()
and
FloatEq()
conform to the IEEE standard, which requires
comparing two NaNs for equality to return false. The
NanSensitive*
version instead treats two NaNs as equal,
which is often what a user wants.
Matcher | Description |
---|---|
DoubleNear(a_double, max_abs_error) |
argument is a
double value close to a_double (absolute error
<= max_abs_error ), treating two NaNs as unequal. |
FloatNear(a_float, max_abs_error) |
argument is a
float value close to a_float (absolute error
<= max_abs_error ), treating two NaNs as unequal. |
NanSensitiveDoubleNear(a_double, max_abs_error) |
argument is a
double value close to a_double (absolute error
<= max_abs_error ), treating two NaNs as equal. |
NanSensitiveFloatNear(a_float, max_abs_error) |
argument is a
float value close to a_float (absolute error
<= max_abs_error ), treating two NaNs as equal. |
String Matchers
The argument
can be either a C string or a C++ string
object:
Matcher | Description |
---|---|
ContainsRegex(string) |
argument matches the given
regular expression. |
EndsWith(suffix) |
argument ends with string
suffix . |
HasSubstr(string) |
argument contains
string as a sub-string. |
MatchesRegex(string) |
argument matches the given
regular expression with the match starting at the first character and
ending at the last character. |
StartsWith(prefix) |
argument starts with string
prefix . |
StrCaseEq(string) |
argument is equal to
string , ignoring case. |
StrCaseNe(string) |
argument is not equal to
string , ignoring case. |
StrEq(string) |
argument is equal to
string . |
StrNe(string) |
argument is not equal to
string . |
ContainsRegex()
and MatchesRegex()
take
ownership of the RE
object. They use the regular expression
syntax defined here.
StrCaseEq()
, StrCaseNe()
,
StrEq()
, and StrNe()
work for wide strings as
well.
Container Matchers
Most STL-style containers support ==
, so you can use
Eq(expected_container)
or simply
expected_container
to match a container exactly. If you
want to write the elements in-line, match them more flexibly, or get
more informative messages, you can use:
Matcher | Description |
---|---|
BeginEndDistanceIs(m) |
argument is a container whose
begin() and end() iterators are separated by a
number of increments matching m . E.g.
BeginEndDistanceIs(2) or
BeginEndDistanceIs(Lt(2)) . For containers that define a
size() method, SizeIs(m) may be more
efficient. |
ContainerEq(container) |
The same as Eq(container)
except that the failure message also includes which elements are in one
container but not the other. |
Contains(e) |
argument contains an element
that matches e , which can be either a value or a
matcher. |
Each(e) |
argument is a container where
every element matches e , which can be either a
value or a matcher. |
ElementsAre(e0, e1, ..., en) |
argument has
n + 1 elements, where the i-th element matches
ei , which can be a value or a matcher. |
ElementsAreArray({e0, e1, ..., en}) ,
ElementsAreArray(a_container) ,
ElementsAreArray(begin, end) ,
ElementsAreArray(array) , or
ElementsAreArray(array, count) |
The same as ElementsAre()
except that the expected element values/matchers come from an
initializer list, STL-style container, iterator range, or C-style
array. |
IsEmpty() |
argument is an empty
container (container.empty() ). |
IsFalse() |
argument evaluates to
false in a Boolean context. |
IsSubsetOf({e0, e1, ..., en}) ,
IsSubsetOf(a_container) ,
IsSubsetOf(begin, end) , IsSubsetOf(array) , or
IsSubsetOf(array, count) |
argument matches
UnorderedElementsAre(x0, x1, ..., xk) for some subset
{x0, x1, ..., xk} of the expected matchers. |
IsSupersetOf({e0, e1, ..., en}) ,
IsSupersetOf(a_container) ,
IsSupersetOf(begin, end) , IsSupersetOf(array) ,
or IsSupersetOf(array, count) |
Some subset of argument
matches UnorderedElementsAre( expected
matchers) . |
IsTrue() |
argument evaluates to
true in a Boolean context. |
Pointwise(m, container) ,
Pointwise(m, {e0, e1, ..., en}) |
argument contains the same
number of elements as in container , and for all i, (the
i-th element in argument , the i-th element in
container ) match m , which is a matcher on
2-tuples. E.g. Pointwise(Le(), upper_bounds) verifies that
each element in argument doesn’t exceed the corresponding
element in upper_bounds . See more detail below. |
SizeIs(m) |
argument is a container whose
size matches m . E.g. SizeIs(2) or
SizeIs(Lt(2)) . |
UnorderedElementsAre(e0, e1, ..., en) |
argument has
n + 1 elements, and under some permutation of the
elements, each element matches an ei (for a different
i ), which can be a value or a matcher. |
UnorderedElementsAreArray({e0, e1, ..., en}) ,
UnorderedElementsAreArray(a_container) ,
UnorderedElementsAreArray(begin, end) ,
UnorderedElementsAreArray(array) , or
UnorderedElementsAreArray(array, count) |
The same as
UnorderedElementsAre() except that the expected element
values/matchers come from an initializer list, STL-style container,
iterator range, or C-style array. |
UnorderedPointwise(m, container) ,
UnorderedPointwise(m, {e0, e1, ..., en}) |
Like Pointwise(m, container) ,
but ignores the order of elements. |
WhenSorted(m) |
When argument is sorted using
the < operator, it matches container matcher
m . E.g. WhenSorted(ElementsAre(1, 2, 3))
verifies that argument contains elements 1, 2, and 3,
ignoring order. |
WhenSortedBy(comparator, m) |
The same as WhenSorted(m) ,
except that the given comparator instead of < is used to
sort argument . E.g.
WhenSortedBy(std::greater(), ElementsAre(3, 2, 1)) . |
Notes:
These matchers can also match:
- a native array passed by reference (e.g. in
Foo(const int (&a)[5])
), and - an array passed as a pointer and a count (e.g. in
Bar(const T* buffer, int len)
– see Multi-argument Matchers).
- a native array passed by reference (e.g. in
The array being matched may be multi-dimensional (i.e. its elements can be arrays).
m
inPointwise(m, ...)
should be a matcher for::std::tuple<T, U>
whereT
andU
are the element type of the actual container and the expected container, respectively. For example, to compare twoFoo
containers whereFoo
doesn’t supportoperator==
, one might write:using ::std::get; (FooEq, "") { MATCHERreturn std::get<0>(arg).Equals(std::get<1>(arg)); } ... (actual_foos, Pointwise(FooEq(), expected_foos)); EXPECT_THAT
Member Matchers
Matcher | Description |
---|---|
Field(&class::field, m) |
argument.field (or
argument->field when argument is a plain
pointer) matches matcher m , where argument is
an object of type class. |
Key(e) |
argument.first matches
e , which can be either a value or a matcher. E.g.
Contains(Key(Le(5))) can verify that a map
contains a key <= 5 . |
Pair(m1, m2) |
argument is an
std::pair whose first field matches
m1 and second field matches
m2 . |
Property(&class::property, m) |
argument.property() (or
argument->property() when argument is a
plain pointer) matches matcher m , where
argument is an object of type class. |
Matching the Result of a Function, Functor, or Callback
Matcher | Description |
---|---|
ResultOf(f, m) |
f(argument) matches matcher
m , where f is a function or functor. |
Pointer Matchers
Matcher | Description |
---|---|
Pointee(m) |
argument (either a smart
pointer or a raw pointer) points to a value that matches matcher
m . |
WhenDynamicCastTo<T>(m) |
when argument is passed
through dynamic_cast<T>() , it matches matcher
m . |
Multi-argument Matchers
Technically, all matchers match a single value. A
“multi-argument” matcher is just one that matches a tuple. The
following matchers can be used to match a tuple (x, y)
:
Matcher | Description |
---|---|
Eq() |
x == y |
Ge() |
x >= y |
Gt() |
x > y |
Le() |
x <= y |
Lt() |
x < y |
Ne() |
x != y |
You can use the following selectors to pick a subset of the arguments (or reorder them) to participate in the matching:
Matcher | Description |
---|---|
AllArgs(m) |
Equivalent to m . Useful as
syntactic sugar in .With(AllArgs(m)) . |
Args<N1, N2, ..., Nk>(m) |
The tuple of the k selected
(using 0-based indices) arguments matches m ,
e.g. Args<1, 2>(Eq()) . |
Composite Matchers
You can make a matcher from one or more other matchers:
Matcher | Description |
---|---|
AllOf(m1, m2, ..., mn) |
argument matches all of the
matchers m1 to mn . |
AllOfArray({m0, m1, ..., mn}) ,
AllOfArray(a_container) ,
AllOfArray(begin, end) , AllOfArray(array) , or
AllOfArray(array, count) |
The same as AllOf() except
that the matchers come from an initializer list, STL-style container,
iterator range, or C-style array. |
AnyOf(m1, m2, ..., mn) |
argument matches at least one
of the matchers m1 to mn . |
AnyOfArray({m0, m1, ..., mn}) ,
AnyOfArray(a_container) ,
AnyOfArray(begin, end) , AnyOfArray(array) , or
AnyOfArray(array, count) |
The same as AnyOf() except
that the matchers come from an initializer list, STL-style container,
iterator range, or C-style array. |
Not(m) |
argument doesn’t match
matcher m . |
Adapters for Matchers
Matcher | Description |
---|---|
MatcherCast<T>(m) |
casts matcher m to type
Matcher<T> . |
SafeMatcherCast<T>(m) |
safely casts matcher
m to type Matcher<T> . |
Truly(predicate) |
predicate(argument) returns
something considered by C++ to be true, where predicate is
a function or functor. |
AddressSatisfies(callback)
and
Truly(callback)
take ownership of callback
,
which must be a permanent callback.
Using Matchers as Predicates
Matcher | Description |
---|---|
Matches(m)(value) |
evaluates to true if
value matches m . You can use
Matches(m) alone as a unary functor. |
ExplainMatchResult(m, value, result_listener) |
evaluates to true if
value matches m , explaining the result to
result_listener . |
Value(value, m) |
evaluates to true if
value matches m . |
Defining Matchers
Matcher | Description |
---|---|
MATCHER(IsEven, "") { return (arg % 2) == 0; } |
Defines a matcher IsEven() to
match an even number. |
MATCHER_P(IsDivisibleBy, n, "") { *result_listener << "where the remainder is " << (arg % n); return (arg % n) == 0; } |
Defines a macher
IsDivisibleBy(n) to match a number divisible by
n . |
MATCHER_P2(IsBetween, a, b, std::string(negation ? "isn't" : "is") + " between " + PrintToString(a) + " and " + PrintToString(b)) { return a <= arg && arg <= b; } |
Defines a matcher
IsBetween(a, b) to match a value in the range
[a , b ]. |
Notes:
- The
MATCHER*
macros cannot be used inside a function or class. - The matcher body must be purely functional (i.e. it cannot have any side effect, and the result must not depend on anything other than the value being matched and the matcher parameters).
- You can use
PrintToString(x)
to convert a valuex
of any type to a string.
Actions
Actions specify what a mock function should do when invoked.
Returning a Value
Return() |
Return from a void mock
function. |
Return(value) |
Return value . If the type of
value is different to the mock function’s return type,
value is converted to the latter type at the time the
expectation is set, not when the action is executed. |
ReturnArg<N>() |
Return the N -th (0-based)
argument. |
ReturnNew<T>(a1, ..., ak) |
Return new T(a1, ..., ak) ; a
different object is created each time. |
ReturnNull() |
Return a null pointer. |
ReturnPointee(ptr) |
Return the value pointed to by
ptr . |
ReturnRef(variable) |
Return a reference to
variable . |
ReturnRefOfCopy(value) |
Return a reference to a copy of
value ; the copy lives as long as the action. |
Side Effects
Assign(&variable, value) |
Assign value to
variable. |
DeleteArg<N>() |
Delete the N -th (0-based)
argument, which must be a pointer. |
SaveArg<N>(pointer) |
Save the N -th (0-based)
argument to *pointer . |
SaveArgPointee<N>(pointer) |
Save the value pointed to by the
N -th (0-based) argument to *pointer . |
SetArgReferee<N>(value) |
Assign value to the variable referenced by
the N -th (0-based) argument. |
SetArgPointee<N>(value) |
Assign value to the variable
pointed by the N -th (0-based) argument. |
SetArgumentPointee<N>(value) |
Same as
SetArgPointee<N>(value) . Deprecated. Will be removed
in v1.7.0. |
SetArrayArgument<N>(first, last) |
Copies the elements in source range
[first , last ) to the array pointed to by the
N -th (0-based) argument, which can be either a pointer or
an iterator. The action does not take ownership of the elements in the
source range. |
SetErrnoAndReturn(error, value) |
Set errno to
error and return value . |
Throw(exception) |
Throws the given exception, which can be any copyable value. Available since v1.1.0. |
Using a Function, Functor, or Lambda as an Action
In the following, by “callable” we mean a free function,
std::function
, functor, or lambda.
f |
Invoke f with the arguments passed to the mock function, where f is a callable. |
Invoke(f) |
Invoke f with the arguments
passed to the mock function, where f can be a global/static
function or a functor. |
Invoke(object_pointer, &class::method) |
Invoke the method on the object with the arguments passed to the mock function. |
InvokeWithoutArgs(f) |
Invoke f , which can be a
global/static function or a functor. f must take no
arguments. |
InvokeWithoutArgs(object_pointer, &class::method) |
Invoke the method on the object, which takes no arguments. |
InvokeArgument<N>(arg1, arg2, ..., argk) |
Invoke the mock function’s
N -th (0-based) argument, which must be a function or a
functor, with the k arguments. |
The return value of the invoked function is used as the return value of the action.
When defining a callable to be used with Invoke*()
, you
can declare any unused parameters as Unused
:
using ::testing::Invoke;
double Distance(Unused, double x, double y) { return sqrt(x*x + y*y); }
...
(mock, Foo("Hi", _, _)).WillOnce(Invoke(Distance)); EXPECT_CALL
Invoke(callback)
and
InvokeWithoutArgs(callback)
take ownership of
callback
, which must be permanent. The type of
callback
must be a base callback type instead of a derived
one, e.g.
* done = new BlockingClosure;
BlockingClosure... Invoke(done) ...; // This won't compile!
* done2 = new BlockingClosure;
Closure... Invoke(done2) ...; // This works.
In InvokeArgument<N>(...)
, if an argument needs to
be passed by reference, wrap it inside ByRef()
. For
example,
using ::testing::ByRef;
using ::testing::InvokeArgument;
...
<2>(5, string("Hi"), ByRef(foo)) InvokeArgument
calls the mock function’s #2 argument, passing to it 5
and string("Hi")
by value, and foo
by
reference.
Default Action
Matcher | Description |
---|---|
DoDefault() |
Do the default action (specified by
ON_CALL() or the built-in one). |
Note: due to technical reasons,
DoDefault()
cannot be used inside a composite action -
trying to do so will result in a run-time error.
Composite Actions
DoAll(a1, a2, ..., an) |
Do all actions a1 to
an and return the result of an in each
invocation. The first n - 1 sub-actions must return
void. |
IgnoreResult(a) |
Perform action a and ignore
its result. a must not return void. |
WithArg<N>(a) |
Pass the N -th (0-based)
argument of the mock function to action a and perform
it. |
WithArgs<N1, N2, ..., Nk>(a) |
Pass the selected (0-based) arguments of
the mock function to action a and perform it. |
WithoutArgs(a) |
Perform action a without any
arguments. |
Defining Actions
struct SumAction { template <typename T> T operator()(T x, Ty) { return x + y; } };
|
Defines a generic functor that can be used as an action summing its arguments. |
ACTION(Sum) { return arg0 + arg1; } |
Defines an action Sum() to
return the sum of the mock function’s argument #0 and #1. |
ACTION_P(Plus, n) { return arg0 + n; } |
Defines an action Plus(n) to
return the sum of the mock function’s argument #0 and
n . |
ACTION_Pk(Foo, p1, ..., pk) { statements; } |
Defines a parameterized action
Foo(p1, ..., pk) to execute the given
statements . |
The ACTION*
macros cannot be used inside a function or
class.
Cardinalities
These are used in Times()
to specify how many times a
mock function will be called:
AnyNumber() |
The function can be called any number of times. |
AtLeast(n) |
The call is expected at least
n times. |
AtMost(n) |
The call is expected at most
n times. |
Between(m, n) |
The call is expected between
m and n (inclusive) times. |
Exactly(n) or n |
The call is expected exactly
n times. In particular, the call should never happen when
n is 0. |
Expectation Order
By default, the expectations can be matched in any order. If some or all expectations must be matched in a given order, there are two ways to specify it. They can be used either independently or together.
The After Clause
using ::testing::Expectation;
...
= EXPECT_CALL(foo, InitX());
Expectation init_x = EXPECT_CALL(foo, InitY());
Expectation init_y (foo, Bar())
EXPECT_CALL.After(init_x, init_y);
says that Bar()
can be called only after both
InitX()
and InitY()
have been called.
If you don’t know how many pre-requisites an expectation has when you
write it, you can use an ExpectationSet
to collect
them:
using ::testing::ExpectationSet;
...
;
ExpectationSet all_initsfor (int i = 0; i < element_count; i++) {
+= EXPECT_CALL(foo, InitElement(i));
all_inits }
(foo, Bar())
EXPECT_CALL.After(all_inits);
says that Bar()
can be called only after all elements
have been initialized (but we don’t care about which elements get
initialized before the others).
Modifying an ExpectationSet
after using it in an
.After()
doesn’t affect the meaning of the
.After()
.
Sequences
When you have a long chain of sequential expectations, it’s easier to specify the order using sequences, which don’t require you to given each expectation in the chain a different name. All expected calls in the same sequence must occur in the order they are specified.
using ::testing::Return;
using ::testing::Sequence;
, s2;
Sequence s1...
(foo, Reset())
EXPECT_CALL.InSequence(s1, s2)
.WillOnce(Return(true));
(foo, GetSize())
EXPECT_CALL.InSequence(s1)
.WillOnce(Return(1));
(foo, Describe(A<const char*>()))
EXPECT_CALL.InSequence(s2)
.WillOnce(Return("dummy"));
says that Reset()
must be called before both
GetSize()
and Describe()
, and the
latter two can occur in any order.
To put many expectations in a sequence conveniently:
using ::testing::InSequence;
{
;
InSequence seq
(...)...;
EXPECT_CALL(...)...;
EXPECT_CALL...
(...)...;
EXPECT_CALL}
says that all expected calls in the scope of seq
must
occur in strict order. The name seq
is irrelevant.
Verifying and Resetting a Mock
gMock will verify the expectations on a mock object when it is destructed, or you can do it earlier:
using ::testing::Mock;
...
// Verifies and removes the expectations on mock_obj;
// returns true if successful.
::VerifyAndClearExpectations(&mock_obj);
Mock...
// Verifies and removes the expectations on mock_obj;
// also removes the default actions set by ON_CALL();
// returns true if successful.
::VerifyAndClear(&mock_obj); Mock
You can also tell gMock that a mock object can be leaked and doesn’t need to be verified:
::AllowLeak(&mock_obj); Mock
Mock Classes
gMock defines a convenient mock class template
class MockFunction<R(A1, ..., An)> {
public:
(R, Call, (A1, ..., An));
MOCK_METHOD};
See this recipe for one application of it.
Flags
Flag | Description |
---|---|
--gmock_catch_leaked_mocks=0 |
Don’t report leaked mock objects as failures. |
--gmock_verbose=LEVEL |
Sets the default verbosity level
(info , warning , or error ) of
Google Mock messages. |