(** All utilities which should be included in all source files are defined here *)

(** {2 Functions from libm} *)

external erf_float : float -> float = "erf_float_bytecode" "erf_float"
  [@@unboxed] [@@noalloc]
  (** Error function [erf] from [libm] *)

external erfc_float : float -> float = "erfc_float_bytecode" "erfc_float"
  [@@unboxed] [@@noalloc]
  (** Complementary error function [erfc] from [libm] *)

external gamma_float : float -> float = "gamma_float_bytecode" "gamma_float"
  [@@unboxed] [@@noalloc]
  (** Gamma function [gamma] from [libm] *)



(** {2 General functions} *)

val fact : int -> float
(** Factorial function.
  @raise Invalid_argument for negative arguments or arguments >100.
  *)

val binom : int -> int -> int
(** Binomial coefficient. [binom n k] {% $= C_n^k$ %}. *)

val pow : float -> int -> float
(** Fast implementation of the power function for small integer powers *)

val chop : float -> (unit -> float) -> float
(** In [chop a f], evaluate [f] only if the absolute value of [a] is larger
  than {!Constants.epsilon}, and return [a *. f ()].
  *)



(** {2 Functions related to the Boys function} *)

val incomplete_gamma : alpha:float -> float -> float
(** {{:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incomplete_gamma_function}
    Lower incomplete gamma function}
   @raise Failure when the calculation doesn't converge.
  *)

val boys_function : maxm:int -> float -> float array
(** {{:https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10910-005-9023-3}
    Generalized Boys function}.
  @param maxm Maximum total angular momentum.
  *)


(** {2 Extension of the Array module} *)

val array_sum : float array -> float
(** Returns the sum of all the elements of the array *)

val array_product : float array -> float
(** Returns the product of all the elements of the array *)


(** {2 Extension of the List module} *)

val list_some : 'a option list -> 'a list
(** Filters out all [None] elements of the list, and returns the elements without
    the [Some]. *)

val list_range : int -> int -> int list
(** [list_range first last] returns a list [first; first+1 ; ... ; last-1 ; last ]. *)

(** {2 Useful streams} *)
val stream_range : int -> int -> int Stream.t
(** [stream_range first last] returns a stream <first ; first+1 ; ... ; last-1 ; last>. *)

val stream_to_list : 'a Stream.t -> 'a list
(** Read a stream and put items in a list. *)

(** {2 Linear algebra } *)

val diagonalize_symm : Lacaml.D.mat -> Lacaml.D.mat * Lacaml.D.vec
(** Diagonalize a symmetric matrix. Returns the eigenvectors and the eigenvalues. *)

val xt_o_x : o:Lacaml.D.mat -> x:Lacaml.D.mat -> Lacaml.D.mat
(** Computes {% $\mathbf{X^\dag\, O\, X}$ %} *)

val x_o_xt : o:Lacaml.D.mat -> x:Lacaml.D.mat -> Lacaml.D.mat
(** Computes {% $\mathbf{X\, O\, X^\dag}$ %} *)

val canonical_ortho: ?thresh:float -> overlap:Lacaml.D.mat -> Lacaml.D.mat -> Lacaml.D.mat
(** Canonical orthogonalization. [overlap] is the overlap matrix {% $\mathbf{S}$ %},
    and the last argument contains the vectors {% $\mathbf{C}$ %} to orthogonalize.

{%
$$
\mathbf{C_\bot} = \mathbf{C\, U\, D^{-1/2}}, \;
\mathbf{U\, D\, V^\dag} = \mathbf{S}
$$
%}
    
    *)

val debug_matrix: string -> Lacaml.D.mat -> unit
(** Prints a matrix in stdout for debug *)

val matrix_of_file : string -> Lacaml.D.mat
(** Reads a matrix from a file with format "%d %d %f" corresponding to
    [i, j, A.{i,j}]. *)

val sym_matrix_of_file : string -> Lacaml.D.mat
(** Reads a symmetric matrix from a file with format "%d %d %f" corresponding to
    [i, j, A.{i,j}]. *)


(** {2 Bitstring functions} *)

val bit_permtutations : int -> int -> Z.t list
(** [bit_permtutations m n] generates the list of all possible [n]-bit
    strings with [m] bits set to 1.
    Algorithm adapted from
    {{:https://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html#NextBitPermutation}
    Bit twiddling hacks}.
    Example:
{[
    bit_permtutations 2 4 = [ 0011 ; 0101 ; 0110 ; 1001 ; 1010 ; 1100 ]
]}
*)


(** {2 Printers} *)
val pp_float_array_size : Format.formatter -> float array -> unit
(** Example:
{[
[ 6:   1.000000   1.732051   1.732051   1.000000   1.732051   1.000000
  ]
]}
*)

val pp_float_array : Format.formatter -> float array -> unit
(** Example:
{[
[    1.000000   1.732051   1.732051   1.000000   1.732051   1.000000
  ]
]}
*)

val pp_float_2darray_size : Format.formatter -> float array array -> unit
(** Example:
{[
[
  2:[ 6:  1.000000   1.732051   1.732051   1.000000   1.732051   1.000000 ]
    [ 4:  1.000000   2.000000   3.000000   4.000000 ] ]
]}
*)

val pp_float_2darray : Format.formatter -> float array array -> unit
(** Example:
{[
[ [   1.000000   1.732051   1.732051   1.000000   1.732051   1.000000 ]
  [   1.000000   2.000000   3.000000   4.000000 ] ]
]}
*)

val pp_bitstring : int -> Format.formatter -> Z.t -> unit
(** Example: [ pp_bitstring 14 ppf z -> +++++------+-- ] *)

val pp_matrix : Format.formatter -> Lacaml.D.mat -> unit